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Crystal City Internment Camp, located near Crystal City, Texas, was a place of confinement for people of Japanese, German, and Italian descent during World War II and has been variously described as a detention facility or a concentration camp. The camp, which was originally designed to hold 3,500 people, opened in December 1943 and was officially closed on February 11th, 1948.〔 Friedman, Max Paul, "Nazis and Good Neighbors: The United States Campaign against the Germans of Latin America in World War II" (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003)〕〔〔 Officially known as the Crystal City Alien Enemy Detention Facility (more commonly referred to as U.S. Family Internment Camp, Crystal City, Texas), the camp was operated by the Immigration and Naturalization Service under the Department of Justice and was originally designed to hold Japanese families, but later held German families as well, including many who were deported from Latin American countries to the U.S.〔Mak, Stephen. "(Crystal City )," ''Densho Encyclopedia'' (accessed 28 Apr 2014).〕 A significant number of those incarcerated were native-born American citizens.〔Riley, Karen, "Schools Behind Barbed Wire" (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002)〕 The Crystal City Internment Camp was one of the primary confinement facilities in the United States for families during World War II.〔〔 The detention camps were described at the time as an "internal security" measure, but is now considered to have been "unjust and motivated by racism rather than real military necessity", as reported by the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians.〔 The camp held 3,374 detainees on December 29, 1944. This was the maximum it ever held.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Crystal City )〕 ==Establishment of camp== Crystal City, named after the town it neighbors and located south of San Antonio, was one of the largest camps in Texas. Before the war, it had been a migrant labor camp, built by the Farm Security Administration to house an influx of migrant workers who came to farm the area's most profitable crop, spinach.〔〔 At the start of World War II, thousands of Japanese and German residents of the U.S., including both U.S. citizens and resident aliens, were arrested and separated from their families during their initial detention. The FSA camp was turned over to the INS in order to allow these so-called "enemy aliens" to be reunited with their wives and children, and the first group of 35 German families arrived on December 12, 1942.〔 Women and children from Camp Seagoville, which was opened to house Latin American Japanese and became overcrowded with the addition of domestic Japanese American incarcerees, began arriving in early 1943, and their husbands and fathers were transferred to Crystal City from Camp Kenedy and several War Relocation Authority camps, beginning in June.〔 By August 1944, the camp held 2,104 people of Japanese ancestry (approximately half from Latin America) and 804 people of German descent, housed separately by ethnicity.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Crystal City Internment Camp」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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